Metathesis in al-Azhari's Tahdhib al-Lughah Dictionary (From the Section of Jīm and Tāʾ to the Section of Jīm and Tsāʾ: A Model) التقليب في معجم تهذيب اللغة للأزهري )باب الجيم والتاء إلى باب الجيم والثاء نموذجا (
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Abstract
The Arabic language possesses distinctive linguistic features, notably derivation (ishtiqāq) and morphological inflection (taṣrīf), which contribute to its lexical depth. A single Arabic word can encompass multiple meanings, depending on its form and context. As Arabic spread across various regions and encountered other languages, concerns over its preservation emerged. These concerns encouraged the development of classical lexicons aimed at maintaining the integrity of the language. One of the most important of these is Tahdhīb al-Lughah by al-Azhari, which is notable for its use of taqlīb, a method that rearranges root letters to derive new meanings. In modern times, the use of such classical dictionaries has declined due to the rise of digital language tools. This study examines Tahdhīb al-Lughah to highlight its linguistic relevance and the potential pedagogical value of taqlīb. Focusing on spatially permuted roots (taqlīb makānī) from jīm–tā’ to jīm–ṯsā’, this research uses a qualitative approach. The results show that such permutations can aid non-native Arabic learners in expanding their vocabulary. The entries include three roots in jīm–tā’, three in jīm–ḏāl, and four in jīm–ṯsā’, offering valuable material for vocabulary development in Arabic as a foreign language.
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